Tuesday, July 9, 2019

What 2004 Tsunami Taught Me About Public Sector Companies In India


The 2004 Tsunami was one of the most tragic natural disasters that the country ever faced. Thousands of people lost their lives and many people who were on sea were never found. Personally too, this incident marked a change in my views on public sector companies and why they have a strong and definite role to play in our country.

It was the day after Tsunami and I was on a flight from Bangalore to Vishakhapatnam via Hyderabad. After landing in Hyderabad, I was informed that our onward flight on Alliance Air (sister concern of Indian Airlines) to Vishakhapatnam was cancelled. I was furious as I had an important meeting the next morning, for which I needed to be in Vishakhapatnam by atleast 730 am the next morning. It was almost 4pm and with 600 kms of travel, reaching Vishakhapatnam on time was indeed looking difficult. I was furious and started venting my frustration at a hapless young officer at the counter.  An experienced officer was watching all this from inside the cabin

What he said after that made me feel ashamed of my behavior. I don’t remember his exact words, but it was somewhat like this. “Gentlemen, as you are aware, a huge Tsunami has struck our country. Places like Andaman and Nicobar islands have been worst hit. Hundreds of tourists and residents are living in absolutely hazardous conditions. We also have patients, people who are on life support and other vulnerable groups. They need to be airlifted to safety or to places where they can receive requisite medical care. As a national airline, we have diverted many of our aircraft on non-core sectors for this purpose as sea transport is not safe at this time. As fellow citizens, I hope you understand the challenge we are facing and the need to stand up with people who deserve our help”. The moment he said this, I was terribly embarrassed at my outburst. It set me thinking about how the social service activities of public sector companies go unnoticed.

·       For all its weaknesses, the Election Commission indeed tries to ensure that a voting center is always within the reach of each and every citizen, be it the desert, water or mountains. 

·       BSNL may today be a loss making company but that’s because it put service above profits at all times. They spent money in erecting towers and creating infrastructure to ensure that even remote villages get access to telecom services. Like private companies, if they had put profit above all else, many parts of our country would have been in telecom darkness even today.

·       Government banks have branches or extension centres across villages and small towns in India. It costs a lot of money to maintain these branches and to provide banking services to the resident population. If the banks were to put profits above everything, then a big chunk of rural India would have had no access to banking services even today.

·       Coming back to the example of Indian Airlines (now Air India), all what we talk or remember is the high handed behavior of staff. But, does everyone know that Air India does not have complete freedom in the way it operates for being profitable. Non profitable routes have to be flown to ensure air connectivity to remote areas, aircrafts have to be diverted for any national disasters or emergencies, for international travels of PM, President and dignitaries, commercial aircrafts are diverted and very often, payments are not made for ages.

I would like to delve on the subject of Air India for a little longer. I have briefly explained a few reasons why Air India is in the position it is in today. Let me throw a little more light and possibly, that will change your views.

a)     Slots in airports are a prized commodity, as it allows airlines to operate more flights or add capacity. As number of slots in an airport are limited, airlines fight for this limited capacity. The slots which belonged to Air India were surrendered to private airlines by successive governments thereby preventing Air India from leveraging the available capacity.

b)     Even in case of agreements with airlines of other countries, where both parties agree to a certain capacity permitted for airlines of each country, the government (especially in BJP governments … please check records if you wish) of India has accepted a lower number of seats for Air India. This just does not make sense … why would a country not want its national airline to benefit from capacity in a particular route.

c)     In the airline industry, size of network is a competency for any airline. Bigger the network, stronger the reason to fly an airline. This in turn means more profits but the government kept on dragging its feet when Air India wanted newer, fuel efficient aircrafts for its fleet. They were still operating older, fuel inefficient aircrafts which obviously meant higher operating costs. Additionally, without enough aircrafts to service capacity on international sectors, Air India was losing out on potential sources of revenue.

d)     The profitable gulf sector was earlier the main domain of Air India. By allowing Air India certain privileges on these routes, the government was allowing Air India to compensate themselves for the social service they render otherwise. Even this tiny privilege was slowly taken away from them.

To be fair to Air India, it has for long kept on asking for level playing field with private and other airlines. But, surprise, that is exactly what Air India does not have. Now, the most often repeated complaint about Air India workforce rudeness, inefficiency etc. You will be surprised about the fact that there are as many people who have positive experiences as negative experiences, just like any other airline. But, in case of Air India, they get over amplified needlessly. Now on the question of excess staff … yes, they have excess staff compared to other airlines because the whole operation of running the airline, managing aircrafts, technical support is in-house. In private airlines, most of the staff is outsourced. That’s because these are older staff who were recruited at a different time and in different conditions. In the last ten years, Air India has been very slow on recruitment. It is actually facing a staff shortage in certain roles and once the current lot retires, the situation will be even worse for Air India.

So, as I explain a situation is being deliberately created by the government to ensure that Air India does not prosper. Conditions are being created to give the public an impression that Air India is wasting taxpayer money and that privatization is the only answer. I would like readers to not just read what I have written but take the trouble of finding out facts before running down the airline.

Similarly, many other public sector companies are being deliberately run down by the current government so that a case can be created for disinvestment, even where none exist. These profitable government companies and their assets will be transferred to private players for their benefit. The public will be shown that government is doing away with loss making companies whereas in actuality it is allowing transfer of benefits which could have been made by the government to crony capitalists. We all need to protest this mindless privatization without giving the government sector its due recognition.

a)     Recently, six new AAI airports have been privatized, with all six going to the Adani group who otherwise have no experience in airport management. As far as I know, AAI was not even allowed to bid for these airports.

b)     An old story, but relevant, in 1999, VSNL was privatized and sold to the Tata group by Vajpayee government for something around 1000 crores. At that time, VSNL had more than 1000 crores in its bank accounts and more than 3000 crores of real estate across the country

c)     In Godavari basin, in gas blocks, Reliance Industries was drilling gas even in areas where it had no license to. It has siphoned off hundreds of crores of government property without paying due royalty.

My point is very simple. Rather than simply privatizing why don’t you give government companies a fair chance to compete, survive and contribute to the country.

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